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Official State Soil: Bama July 4th This is a photo of the layers that make up a Bama soil profile. Bama: Very Old, Forest Soils. Layer 1: The soil surface layer is rich in decaying plant matter. Layer 2: Seeping rain washes the reddish iron and clay out of this layer, leaving it pale. Layer 3: Lower layers are rich in reddish iron and clay. They accumulate minerals washed down from above.